Brilliant Minds Essay Research Paper Running head

Brilliant Minds Essay, Research Paper Runing caput: BRILLIANT MINDS Brilliant Minds of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Willie B. Hill, Jr. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale ________________________________________________________________ ELM-300 Introduction to Electronic Management Research Spring Semester 2000 Fort Gordon, Georgia Contentss Page ABSTRACT # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .3 INTRODUCTION # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; 4 MOTION STUDY # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .4 FATIGUE STUDY # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .6 CONCLUSION # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .7 REFERENCES # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .8 Abstraction Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were two of the great innovators of in the survey of Scientific Management. Two of there major Hagiographas were on Fatigue Study and Motion Study. Business bookmans use many of their Hagiographas, today. Many of their consequences affect the work conditions in many companies. Brilliant Minds of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Frank Gilbreth was born on July 7, 1868 in Fairfield, Maine. Lillian Gilbreth was born on June 24, 1924 in Montclair, New Jersey. The Gilbreths # 8217 ; are considered two of the greatest American bookmans in the field of scientific direction. Many professional concern directors use many of their Hagiographas. Many of their Hagiographas include The Psychology of Management, Fatigue Study, Motion Study for the Handicapped, Applied Motion Study, Motion Study, Primer of Scientific Management, Bricklaying System, and Concrete System. One of the great literary Hagiographas by the Gilbreths was the survey of gesture. Gesture survey is a agency to permanent and practical waste riddance ( Gilbreth, 1917 ) . This work is aim to depict the work countries that gesture survey can be or is being applied and different methods to use to the survey. Finally, the consequence of the survey. Gesture survey was chiefly used in American Industry. The end of this survey was to extinguish unneeded attempt used in the industry to every bit low as possible. The betterment of a occupation undertaking while increasing productiveness was the consequence. The American industrial sector was used because it was spread outing during this clip and America needed to better industrial techniques to stay competitory against other states. Gesture survey analyzed every detailed in the operation to execute a peculiar undertaking and determined the method which used the least sum of energy. An illustration of this research is the assembly of piece used in the production of the braider manufactured by the New England Butt Company ( Gilberth 1917 ) . After analysis utilizing gesture survey there was a three hundred and 50 per centum addition in production with no addition in worker weariness ( Gilbreth 1917 ) . The analysis consisted of what is the unit of step, the difference methods used, an d devices needed. All three are needed to be incorporated to obtain a consequence. The usage of chronocyclegraph gesture devices was another method used in gesture survey. Chronocyclegraph devices were used in the survey to explicate a precise scientific decision to an probe. Clocks, temperature, and location devices was used during the survey. This was necessary to acquire the accurate clip of twenty-four hours, temperature, and topographic point a survey was performed. The information can be mention in the hereafter or the present by scientist and bookmans to compare other scientific consequences from gesture survey. The 3rd type used to make a decision in gesture survey was a gesture theoretical account. Gesture theoretical accounts were used chiefly in educational sector ( Spriegel 1953 ) . It dealt with the different methods of instruction by an person. The outline of the survey was that different methods are used to execute the undertaking than what is taught by the instructor. In one illustration, the instructor taught a individual who was unfamiliar with a topic a really thorough account on how to carry through the undertaking, which was really clip consuming ( Gilbreth 1917 ) . On the other manus, when really executing the undertaking the teacher used cutoffs that reduced the sum of clip to execute the undertaking ( Gilbreth 1917 ) . Another of the Gilbreths # 8217 ; plants was a survey of weariness in the workplace Fatigue is the fatigue from labour or effort ( Webster 1994 ) . This was designed to foremost, to find what types of business causes different sorts of weariness. Second, to measure how unneeded weariness can be eliminated. Third, to cut down the sum of weariness in the workplace every bit low as possible. Fourth, to find different methods to battle weariness. Fifth, to set the information gathered by the survey in a signifier that the mean worker can understand. The two types of weariness are necessary and unneeded. Unnecessary weariness is caused by work that uses more energy to carry through a undertaking than is needed or executing a occupation that should non be performed to make a end ( Myers 1953 ) . A good illustration of otiose energy is the work of the bricklayer. The method for centuries was for the bricklayer to raise his organic structure, the howitzer, and the bricks from the land to the top of the edifice ( Gilbreth 1916 ) . This type of work used a big sum of unneeded energy. Necessary weariness is caused by the achievement of any undertaking. For illustration, there might be an betterment to a work method, which resulted in an addition of productiveness by 50 per centum. Even though more work was accomplished in the same sum of clip it did non or can be expected to extinguish all weariness. One of the most effectual ways to cut down weariness is to better the work environment of an employee. The employer needs to guarantee a worker has adequate clip to rest and pass clip with the household at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. One of the ways to guarantee an employee is non exhausted is to supply a lunch period and at least one twenty-four hours a hebdomad off from work. Another method is to guarantee the proper equipment is used to execute a undertaking. The Gilbreths # 8217 ; did a survey, in which, they provided a lean backing chair to all workers in a company. After one hebdomad of usage the company addition productiveness with less worker weariness ( Spriegel 1953 ) . Proper lighting in the workplace is another manner to cut down weariness. If a workplace has excessively much or non plenty illuming the workers will tire at a greater rate because it will do changeless accommodation and re-adjustment of the eyes. Decision Improvement of working conditions is indispensable to increasing worker productiveness. The Gilbreths # 8217 ; dedicated their lives to contrive methods to cut down worker weariness and waste of unneeded energy. Many of their thoughts are incorporated to many Torahs passed by the authorities during the 1930s # 8217 ; and 1940s # 8217 ; . Failure of concerns to follow the rules of the Gilbreths # 8217 ; could ensue in lower worker productiveness and morale. An of import ingredient in a company # 8217 ; s profitableness is a good relationship with direction and the employee. Bibliography Mentions Gilbreth, F. , A ; Gilbreth L. ( 1916 ) . Fatigue Study. New York: Sturgis A ; Walton Co. Gilbreth, F. , A ; Gilbreth L. ( 1911 ) . Gesture Study. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. Merriam-Webster # 8217 ; s School Dictionary ( 1994 ) . Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. Meyers, C. E. , Spriegel W. R. ( Eds. ) . ( 1953 ) The Writings of the Gilbreths. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.

HR Training and Development #4 deadline Nov 8 Essay

HR Training and Development #4 deadline Nov 8 - Essay Example Many of the experts are unable to say with any degree of certainty what percentage of training actually gets transferred. There are certain factors that inhibit transfer of training. The unsupportive organizational climate with its everyday demands and pressures could inhibit the application of what the employees learnt in the training. Though Abbott has done its best to provide all the resources and technology necessary for application of training, it is still debatable that training has been translated into performance. The low motivation levels of the employees could be the other factors that inhibit positive transfer of training. The theoretical nature of training in some areas also makes it more challenging to implement. Self management strategies such as goal-setting, living the values, keeping up the promises, help learners think about how they will use their knowledge and skills in the work setting. The personal SWOT analysis will also help employees to clearly know about themselves and to effectively implement what they have learnt during the training. There is strong point in knowing whether the training programs are actually delivering what they have been promising.

Community safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Community safety - Essay Example Home security to low income communities is a service which is been provided by American Corps under Safe Neighbourhood AmeriCorps Partnership (SNAP). They provide free demonstration security assessments and hardware instalments and provide instruments on demand. This helps them in saving their money on training and resident feel secure. Probability of failure is negligible as only one among all accessed house has faced this problem (SNAP, 2000). Fire Safety is a process by which measures are taken for preventing and reducing fire disasters. It can be implemented during and after construction of building. Its education is also required to individuals for their premises safety. Workplace fire safety is a non - domestic area safety. In England, it is done under supervision of Communities and Local Government (CLG) and in Scotland and Wales under Scottish Government and Wales Assembly Government. HSE (Health and Safety Executive) looks after cases responsible for fire safety. Good Neighbourhood Watch Schemes is a strategy which helps in reducing crime in local areas by motivating individuals to accept their responsibilities towards self safety and community safety. CCTV and Radio link are been used for reducing crime taking place in retail shops and streets. Education and promotions of diversionary related to youth are implemented for reducing rate of crime and offences related to young people. It also helps in overcoming hatred and prejudice. For this protection schemes are also been formulated and implemented. Agencies are established and many schemes and policies are adopted for stopping distribution of drugs and alcohols among young generation. Online services and many agencies and policies are been adopted for stopping domestic violence and sexual assault. Stay Safe Stay Secure Scheme is been adopted for helping older people. It helps them to feel safe in their home (BCSP, 2008). There are many issues faced by fire safety departments. They can be

The Case for the Redistribution of Ecotourism Gains in Kenya. Essay

The Case for the Redistribution of Ecotourism Gains in Kenya. Introduction Ecotourism, also known as â€Å"responsible tourism†, is defined as â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people† . Ecotourism has become the fastest growing sub-sector of the tourist industry: in the Third World, it is growing at a rate of 6% per year . Bordering the Indian Ocean and located in Eastern Africa, Kenya reaps substantial benefits from ecotourism activities. Kenya’s rich biodiversity and natural resources allow it to earn as much as 1/3 of its total foreign exchange revenues from ecotourism . A recent study of game farming in Kenya has shown that wildlife tourism was fifty times more lucrative than cattle grazing and that an elephant herd was valued at $610,000 annually . Ecotourism will therefore play a predominant role in the country’s economic development. In order to assess the equity implications of ecotourism in Kenya, this paper will attempt to assess th e distributional impacts of the policies local authorities have undertaken in Kenya to foster ecotourism and to propose suggested reforms and recommendations to help groups, who have traditionally been marginalized such as the Maasai. Background Kenya was a protectorate and a British colony from the late 1890s to December 1963, when the country gained its independence. Although Kenya is a relatively stable country, it has only been governed by 3 Presidents (from only 2 political parties) since independence. With a population of 31.3 million people , Kenya is a multi-ethnic country, whose administrative arrangements closely parallel ethnic boundaries . With a GNI/ capita of $360 , Kenya is still a ... ...ashington, D.C.: Island Press. http://www.stpt.usf.edu/~jsokolov/211maasai.htm, The Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania, Survival 1998 http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=160, World Heritage Convention, UNESCO Kamuaro, O. â€Å"Ecotourism: Suicide or Development?†. Available from www.unsystem.org/ngls/documents/publications.en/voices.africa/number6/vfa6.12.htm United States Agency for International Development. 1996. Mid-Term Evaluation. Washington D.C.: United States Agency for International Development. World Bank, http:/devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?CCODE=KEN&PTYPE=CP, Country profile Table, The World Bank Group. World Bank, http://www.worldbank.org/ke/ke_ctry_brief.htm, Country Brief, The World Bank Group in Kenya. Zecchini, A. â€Å"Clash of Interests in Maasai Country- Kenya’s Battle for Biodiversity†, Le Monde Diplomatique, November 2000

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Normally a certain amount of glucose circulates in the blood. The major sources of this glucose are absorption of ingested food in the gastrointestinal tract and formation of glucose by the liver from food substances (Kozier et. l, 2002). Client’s name is Mr. Harvey, 48 years old and has three children and he is newly diagnosed having Type 1 Diabetes. He is a college undergraduate and has experienced working in a restaurant as chief cook until now where in he works for 6 hours. He is also a small businessman and is greatly affected by the economic condition as of the present.He only earns enough for his kids since he is a single parent; he earns about 350 dollars a day including his earnings in his small business. These factors aforementioned greatly influence to his ability to access the necessary healthcare that he should have. Yes, he has a job but his earnings is not enough for him to be thoroughly be checked by healthcare professionals, and also because he has three kids which are all studying as well.As a single parent, it is his job also to look after his children and this means all his extra time will be devoted to them and he will not be able to attend to his own needs and other self- care practices needed for his condition. Although he can do some modification in his diet still he cannot manage to consistent all throughout because he still has a lot of things to attend to, but nevertheless as a college undergraduate he has some basic knowledge about the condition he has which is Type 1 Diabetes.Although he has a job and a business of his own it still does not erase the fact that he is a single parent of three kids, maybe he can buy some medicine for his condition but it will not be continuous because he will tend to prioritize other things. Prognosis of his condition would be poor because he cannot focus on the treatments that he should be getting to alleviate his condition; Diabetes is such a silent killer especially when complications arise. Lastly, diabetes can be fatal. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common and potentially serious, chronic metabolic condition which is characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia and other manifestations. Diabetes can be a devastating condition with long lasting hazardous consequences since due to its chronicity it affects almost all the major organs of the body including the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, heart and blood vessels (Jennifer, 1998).There are two main types of Diabetes Mellitus viz. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (also termed as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or IDDM and juvenile Diabetes Mellitus) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (also known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or NIDDM and adult-onset Diabetes Mellitus) (Jennifer, 1998). Type 1 DM is more common as compared to type 2 DM in younger age groups and accounts for almost two-thirds of the cases of diabetes diagnosed amongst individuals less than 19 years of age (Levitsky & Misra, 2008).Epidemiology of DM – The magnitude of the problemI n the United States, Diabetes Mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death and accounts to 178,000 deaths per year (Do I Have Diabetes?, 1998). Individuals with DM have been shown to have a 5-10 years shorter lifespan as compared to their normal counterparts (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004). Moreover, DM also contributes to significant morbidity and remains amongst the leading cause of blindness in adults in the 20-74 years age group. Similarly, it also remains as one of the most common causes of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).It was estimated that about 7% of the U.S population (20.8 million individuals) were inflicted with this condition in the year 2005. Amongst these, 14.6 million were diagnosed as having DM while the rest were undiagnosed. Moreover, an additional 54 million people were shown to have pre-diabetes’ (defined below) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 â €“ A Review, 2007). It is alarming to note that over the past decades, the incidence of DM has been increasing and it was observed that the percentage of adults in the U.S diagnosed with DM increased by 49% (from 4.9 to 7.3%) during the period 1990-2000 (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004).Diabetes Mellitus is also important from an economic and public health perspective as well since it leads to both direct and indirect costs of health care. The magnitude of the problem can be judged by the fact that in the year 2002, the per-capita healthcare cost for diabetic individuals was $13,243 as opposed to $2560 for non-diabetics (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2009).Type 1 and Type 2 DM – A comparisonAs discussed above, there are two main types of Diabetes mellitus – type 1 DM and type 2 DM – which differ in etiologies and pathogenesis. DM was classified into two major subtypes viz. IDDM and NIDDM in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and thi s classification was later endorsed by WHO (Jennifer, 1998). However, this classification had certain limitations and therefore the recent guidelines classify DM into four main groups viz. type 1 DM, type 2 DM, â€Å"other specific types† and gestational diabetes (Jennifer, 1998).According to the recent guidelines, the diagnosis of DM requires two fasting plasma glucose levels of 126 mg per dL (7.0 mmol per L) or greater. Moreover, if after a glucose load of 75 g a patient has two two-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hrPPG) readings of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher or two random blood sugar levels of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher, he/she can be diagnosed as being diabetic.It is preferable to use the fasting plasma glucose level, due to its better reproducibility and easier administration, however, in clinical practice, a combination of any two abnormal test results can be employed (Jennifer, 1998). In addition to full blown DM, the American Diabetes Association has defined another category, pre-diabetes. This is a state in which ‘the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes’ (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Type 1 DM is a metabolic disorder resulting from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells located in the Islets of Langerhans which results in a progressive disability to secrete insulin (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007). Type 1 DM can present at any age the most common presentation being in childhood but one-fourth of cases are diagnosed in adults. (Levitsky & Misra, 2008). This late presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been termed as latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA). Studies have suggested that type 1 DM occurs in individuals who are genetically predisposed to developing this disease and its onset may be triggered by certain environment agents such as viru ses and toxins (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Once the onset is triggered, there is progressive destruction of the beta cells and a subsequent decrease in insulin production. However, during this period the individual is asymptomatic and euglycemic (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009). Overt hyperglycemia is manifested when more than 80-90% of the beta cells have been destroyed (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007). Recently, a newer subtype of type 1 DM has been identified which is characterized by a non-immune mediated destruction of pancreatic islet cells and has been termed as Type 1B DM (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).It is a well established fact that type 1 DM is genetically determined. Several genes have been implicated to play a role in the pathophysiology of type 1 DM including polymorphisms in HLA-DQalpha, HLA-DQbeta, HLA-DR, preproinsulin, the PTPN22 gene, CTLA-4, interferon-induced helicase, IL2 receptor (CD25) , a lectin-like gene (KIA0035), ERBB3e, and an undefined gene at 12q (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).In individuals with type 1 DM, genetic markers are present since birth. However, it has been elucidated that immune markers develop after the onset of the autoimmune process of beta cell destruction and metabolic derangements can be identified once a significant proportion of beta cells have been destroyed but before the occurrence of symptoms (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).The immune markers which have been identified for type 1 DM include antibodies to the islet cell (IA2) and to insulin (IAA). Moreover, autoantibodies to islet–glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) including anti-GAD65 have been found in patients with type 1 DM and are of particular importance in adults with this disease since these antibodies are clinically detectable and can be used to aid in the detection and diagnosis of type 1 DM in adults (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Type 2 DM is relatively far more common than Type 1 DM, especially amongst adults accounts for almost 80-90% of all the cases of DM in various regions of the world (Gerich, 1998). Over the past few decades, epidemiologic studies have identified an alarming increase has been observed in the cases of Type 2 DM to an extent that type 2 DM is now being regarded as an epidemic. In a study conducted in a Japanese population comprising of children of school going age, type 2 DM was found to be seven times more common as compared to type 1 DM and a 30-fold increase in its incidence was noticed over the last two decades (Rosenbloom, 1999).Type 2 DM typically affects individuals aged greater than 40 years but more recently it has been observed to be occurring more frequently in younger age groups and has been found in individuals who are as young as two years of age and have a positive family history of this disorder. There are various factors which have led to an increase in the incidence of type 2 DM in younger age groups. These include increasing incidence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle amongst children and an increase in the life expectancy, with more individuals surviving past the age of 65 years (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).The etiology of Type 2 DM is a multifactorial and it arises from a complex interplay of both genetic and environmental influences. The inheritance of this disorder does not follow the simple Mandelian patterns. Infact, this disorder has a polygenic inheritance requiring multiple gene polymorphisms (Gerich, 1998). Lipsky describes the genetic-environmental interaction which is implicated in the development of type 2 DM as â€Å"A good analogy is that although genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger (Lipsky, 2004).†Several genes have been implicated in the causation of type 2 DM. Amongst these the three most consistently identified genes include TCF7L2, KCNJ11, and PPARG (Lyssenko, 2008 ). However, more recently, a number of novel genes which increase an individual’s susceptibility to type 2 DM have been identified including CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, the locus on chromosome 9 close to CDKN2A/CDKN2B, FTO, HHEX, SLC30A8, WFS1, JAZF1, CDC123/CAMK1D, TSPAN8/LGR5, THADA, ADAMTS9, and NOTCH2 (Lyssenko, 2008).The pathogenesis of Type 2 DM is different from type 1 DM in that it results from both an impairment in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion as opposed to Type 1 DM which results solely from impaired insulin secretion (Gerich, 2009). Individuals with type 2 DM have end-organ or peripheral resistance to insulin and additionally a defect in the production of insulin and recent data suggests that both must co-exist for causing manifestations of type 2 DM. Several risk factors have been identified which increase a person’s susceptibility to developing type 2 AM.These include a positive family history of DM, and increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), impaired or elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs), comorbid conditions such as current smoking status and hypertension, decreased measures of insulin secretion and action, Hispanic, Native American, African American, Asian American, or Pacific Islander descent , a history of GDM or of delivering a baby with a birth weight of >9 lb and Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Lyssenko, 2008 and Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).Amongst other risk factors, obesity is one of the most consistently identified and the strongest risk factor for the development of type 2 DM. Moreover, studies have shown that intraabdominal obesity is of particular significance in causing insulin resistance (Gerich, 2009). Most of these risk factors are modifiable and current public health strategies focus on targeting these modifiable risk factors in addition to pharmacologic intervention for the control of type 2 DM.The complications of DM are numerous and diverse and include increased susceptibil ity to infections, microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy which can lead to subsequent end-organ failure and macrovascular complications, which include stroke and coronary artery disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).In conclusion, DM is a common disorder and affects a large proportion of the population globally. There are two main types of DM viz. type1 and type 2 and both differ in etiology and pathogenesis. DM can lead to several manifestations and complications and hence is a major public health concern. Although extensive research has been conducted in order to identify the underlying etiology of both types of DM, there is a pressing need to explore the arena of prevention measures for this disorder and devise strategies to control the increasing incidence of Type 2 DM in the younger age groups.ReferencesDo I Have Diabetes? (1998, October 15). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.o rg/afp/AFPprinter/981015ap/981015b.htmlEisenbarth, G. S., & McCulloch, D. K. (2009, February 11). Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate online: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~JYHFR94z4VP3LY&selectedTitle=4~150&source=search_resultGerich, John E. (1998) The Genetic Basis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Impaired Insulin Secretion versus Impaired Insulin Sensitivity. Endocrine Reviews 19(4): 491–503Jennifer, M. (1998). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: New Criteria. American Famil Physician .Levitsky, L. L., & Misra, M. (2008, November 18). Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate Online: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~0babJ4CniXpnXAf&selectedTitle=12~150&source=search_resultLipsky, M. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2004). Preventive Therapy for Diabetes: Lifestyle Changes and th e Primary Care Physician. American Family Physician .Lyssenko Valeria et al. (2008) Clinical Risk Factors, DNA Variants, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine 359; 21Rosenbloom, Arlan L. and Joe Jenny R. (1999). Emerging epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth. Diabetes Care 22:345–354Votey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2007, October 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from emedicine: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766036-overviewVotey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2009, February 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from emedicine: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766143-overview

Mimesis, Plato, and Arts Free Essay Example, 2250 words

With this concept is that the relationship between mimos and mimesis is subject to misinterpretation since actors who are into mimes are specialized (Halliwell 17). In this sense, the Greek word mimio is considered as closer to mimesis because mimio refers to imitation or representation of the voices of the bull (Halliwell 17). It gained more impetus when the word mimio is associated with the term mimeisthai, which was used by Homer, to refer to the chorus of Maidens in the Hymn to Apollo who imitated the voices of all men and captivated the audience. As mimeisthai refer to imitation of voices in chorus, Aeschylus introduced the concept of mimeisthai as imitating movements of animals in Pindar. In addition, Aeschylus, in the play TheÃ…  roi, also instigated the idea of mimeisthai as referring to an object that has taken a realistic form by rendering its appearance as lifelike. (Halliwell 18 -19)From its evolving etymology, it can be observed that since the Ancient period the word mimesis has been used within the arts poetry, music, dance and visual arts. We will write a custom essay sample on Mimesis, Plato, and Arts or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Finally, it connotes the supposition that it assists in identifying the gap and tension between art and nature, imagination and creativity, illusion and idealism (Halliwell 22). These perceptions have influenced and served as a guide in the understanding of mimesis in the arts.

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